Steel cover deck construction



AKIRA YAMAMOTO ETAL STEEL COVER DECK CONSTRUCTION April 4, 1967 Filed Aug. 25, 1964 l5 Sheets-Sheet l 55s 5s 55g sa 55 57 5m 5 51o 53 53 56 5x0 TQ i "fjL/S 54 59 57 5a 58 57 59 April 4, 1967 AKlRA YAMAMoTo ETAI. 3,311,939

STEEL COVER DECK CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 25, 1964 FIGA STES

April 4, 1967 AKIRA YAMAMoTo ETAL 3,311,939

STEEL COVER DECK CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 25, 1964 v 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 i ua. ||5 ||2 BV NKY/IA 78 FIG.8 F|G,9

//l f A l/vy/ Ill ||3 FIG.

Patented Apr. 4, 1967 3,311,939 STEEL CUVER DECK CNSTRUCTlN Akira Yamamoto, Hideo Matsuda, and Kenjiro Fujita, Himeji-shi, and Hiroyuki linoue and Zenshiro Sengoku, Tokyo, Japan, assignors to Fuif lron and Steel Company Limited, Maruuouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, `tapan Filed Aug. 25, 1964, Ser. No. 391,927 Claims priority, application Japan, Sept. 4, 1963, S18/47,253; ct. 23, 1963, Tis/79,470, 3S/79,471, 38/79,472, E38/79,473

1 Claim. (Cl. ini- 73) This invention relates to an improved method of constructing a steel trench cover deck employed temporarily, for example to cover an open-cut trench for construction of an under-pass in the street without impeding public traffic.

The conventional practice to construct such a cover deck is to arrange steel floor plates with skid resistant raised pattern on the surface thereof, over a large number of auxiliary girders supported by main girders, while the new practice which this invention involves is to utilize specially developed H-section steel beams yhaving a skid resistant raised pattern on the outside surface of a flange thereof and arrange them to form a flat cover deck supported directly by main girders.

In recent years, requirements to excavate ground in the street to make an under ground construction such as an under-pass have become very frequent. In these instances, it is an absolute necessity to continue such under ground construction Work without impeding public traffic. One example of the conventional practice to overcome such a problem is to use main girders supported from the bottom of the excavation, auxiliary girders made of I-section steel beams or like material placed at suitable intervals on the main girders, and steel floor plates, with suitable skid resistant raised patterns on the surface thereof, laid over the auxiliary girders. These members are secured together by suitable means, forming flat cover deck over the under ground trench.

The skid resistant raised pattern on the surface of thus formed steel cover deck well protects against many obstacles due to slippage of running vehicles, and the deck forms dependable protection to carry on construction Work thereunder.

However, such conventional practice involves many disadvantages. Firstly since l-section steel beams are used as a rule as both main and auxiliary girders, it is uneconomical, because l-section steel `beams have smaller section modulus per unit weight than lil-section steel beams.

Secondly, the floor plate with skid resistant raised pattern used for this purpose is cut as a rule to a size somewhere around 1000 mm.. by 2000 mm. and it requires special processing for each particular structure with extra processing and manufacturing cost, and such a floor plate can hardly be diverted to other uses afterward.

Thirdly, the conventional practice forms a three layer structure consisting of main girders, auxiliary girders, and floor plates, resulting in a greater structure height which requires deeper excavation 'with increased labor cost and time.

F ourthly, conventional steel cover decks are ybuilt up as a rule by many small unit elements and require much time and labor for mantling and dismantling.

These disadvantageous `features involved in the conventional practice to construct a steel cover deck used temporarily require a very costly and uneconomical procedure.

Furthermore, the conventional practice results in a large number of joints which give more slackness or more tendency to loosen, resulting in more chances of breakage and trouble which is unfavorable for the safety of both traffic over the cover deck and construction work thereunder.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel method which, in addition to being free from each and every one of the aforesaid limitations and deficiencies, has certain other significant advantages that make it substantially more economical to build and employ than the Iconventional practices. This object is attained by providing a novel method to form a steel trench cover deck utilizing newly developed special H-section steel beams `with skid resistant raised patterns on the outside surface of the flanges thereof as a composite girder deck laid directly on main girders.

H-section steel beams used as elements of a composite girder deck in this invention -should be formed with skid resistant raised patterns on the outside surface of at least one flange thereof and it is found preferable that the other flange is a smooth surface. The raised pattern to give skid resistant character can comprise any -suitable shapes and figures.

The main girders can be either H-section steel beams or I-section steel beams. Furthermore, as occasion arises a suitable soft lining is inserted between main girders and composite girder deck.

To obtain a skid resistant raised pattern on the surface of a flange of an H-section steel beam which is to form a composite girder deck, several methods could be used. For instance, one of the vertical rolls of the universal rolling mill used to produce H-section steel beams could be replaced `with a vertical roll having a pattern cut into it so that outside surface of a flange passing between the rolls. is forced into the depressions on the pattern roll to form a raised figure at regular intervals on the surface of a flange or suitably shaped small pieces of steel could be welded on the surface of a flange or could be cut by machining in the surface of aflange, and so forth.

To form a steel cover deck, a number of H-section steel beams should be arranged in-a row in a manner that each beam contacts the adjacent beams or is separated therefrom by a narrow gap. Beams arranged in said manner should be secured to connecting members which intersect the same at right angles, and made of such a material as regular channel steel. In this manner aforesaid, H-sections would be free from lateral displacement `and uneven sinking or other unfavourable difficulties.

Further, it is recommended to secure each H-section member against main girders with or lwithout a device such as fastening clip at suitable positions to prevent slipping-off and jumping-up of individual members.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a novel arrangement to be employed as a trench cover deck built up by H-section steel beams. This arrangement comprises several aforesaid H-section beams having skid resistant raised patterns on 4the surface of flanges laid in a row and butt welded together at their flange edges and two strips of metal tie member attached to the botltorn faces at both extreme ends of the aforesaid H-section beams.

It is a further object of this invention to lprovide a novel securing method with which a flat-box-shaped cover deck, built up with several H-section steel beams butt welded together `at their flange edges, are secured on 'the supporting members.

In this connection, holes for securing purposes are provided on both the top and bottom flanges of said H-section beams and tie bolts running through metal fasteners are put through said holes and secure the H-section steel beams on the supporting members rigidly.

It is still a further object of this invention to provide a novel tie bolt having an elliptic or polygonal shaped bolt head and a bolt stem with a male thread which is machined into elliptic or quasi polygonal cross-section at the outer end of the stern, and nuts are screwed on said threaded bolt stem.

It is still a further object of this invention to provide a novel screw driving tool consisting of a driving tube and a driving spindle that runs through the former, whereat the driving tube has a female clutch to grip nuts at the bottom end and a handle at the top end thereof and the driving spindle has a clutch at the bottom end and a grip at the top end thereof.

These objects, as well as the other novel features and advantages of the present invention, will be more fully understood when the following description is read in light of the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a plan view, partly in section and With a skid `resistant pattern partially omitted, of a steel cover deck 1n accordance with the invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical cross sectional view taken on line A-A of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is an elevational view, partly in section, of a steel cover deck shown in FIG. l.

FIG. 4 is a plan view, partly in section, and with the skid resistant raised pattern partly omitted, illustrating the securing method of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a vertical cross sectional view `taken on line A-A of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is an elevational view, partly in section, of the invention cover deck.

FIG. 7 is an illustration, partly in section, of a tie bolt of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view taken on line A-A of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view taken on line B-B of FIG. 7.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a screw driving tool by this invention.

FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view taken on line A-A of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a cross sectional view taken on line B-B of FIG. 10.

In accordance with the invention, a number of relatively small H-section steel beams, having skid-resistant raised patterns on their upper flanges, are arranged in juxtaposition in a manner such that each beam contacts the adjacent beams. The H-beams are supported on main girders which may comprise, for example, relatively large H-beams supported in a Iconventional manner.

While all securing of the upper beams and the lower or support beams to each other may be effected from the lower side, preferably it is effected from the upper side as described hereinafter. Also, and preferably, a soft lining of rubber or similar material is inserted between the top flanges of the main beams and the lower flanges of the smaller H-beams forming the actual deck, to equalize contact conditions. All of the beams are tied together by suitable tying means or members to form a solid structure in the form of a substantially rectangular panel.

When securing is effected from underneath the panel, nuts are welded on the upper surfaces of the lower flanges of the relatively small H-beams, and tie bolts are inserted through tying members, such as standard channel sections, and screwed into these nuts. In addition, and to prevent relative displacement of the small H-beams forming the decks from the large H-beams forming the main support beams, clips may be hooked under the upper flanges of the main support beams and secured by bolt and nut means, with the interposition of spacers, to the lower flanges of the deck beams.

The invention method permits a considerably long girder span and requires less number of supporting girders when compared with the conventional cover deck having approximately 2,000 mm. span. Since, this method usually is applied as a multiple span continuous girder structure, in most cases as a 3 span structure, it is more advantageous than the conventional method comprising 4;.- a short single span structure. Further, when the same length of a trench is to be covered, the method of the present invention requires less jointed points which permits considerably reduced chances for undesirable slackness and tendency to loosen and requires also less labor and time for mantling and dismantling.

It is an over-all feature of this invention to provide a simple method to construct a steel cover deck with H- section steel beams bolted together and permit to select and utilize beams of any desired length and in such a case that a length of longer than approximately 10 meters is employed, the H-section beams can be diverted to other use, as material for temporary or permanent construction with minimum of cost, after the cover deck is dismantled.

In addition, this method can naturally be applied to a single short span structure as in conventional practice if it is desired that way, and this method can also be applied advantageously to the deck plate of various bridge structures.

With reference to FIGS. l, 2 and 3 of the drawings there is illustrated a structure of a steel cover deck presented by this invention, where several H-section steel beams 52 having skid resistant raised patterns 51 are arranged in a row and butt welded together at their flange edges 53 and strips of tying metal 54, 5S are attached to the bottom faces of the beams at their both ends. Adjacent the four corners of the resultant panel, securing holes 56 are provided to permit free driving of tie bolts and nuts whi-ch secure the decks on the supporting girders, and the whole operation can be accomplished from the upper side of the deck. Round steel bars 57 are attached at the bottom faces of H-section members 52 to avoid any undesirable movement. Near the securing holes 56, rest plates 5S for the metal fastener are located. In addition rubber linings 59 should be provided under strips of tying metal 54, 55 to avoid undesirable noise, to minimize mechanical shocks and to give good electrical insulation. Further, several members for reinforcement comprising steel angles 510 are provided at the four corners of the deck and between the outside flanges.

It is -an over-all feature of this invention to provide a built-up steel cover deck of composite girder structure, which, as described above, consists of several H-section beams 52 arranged in a row and butt welded together at their flanges 53 to make a solid ilat-box-shaped composite girder with minimum chance of breakage. Consequently, it provides 4a very strong structure having very large load carrying capacity and makes an extremely good and dependable steel cover deck for open cut subway construction or similar application. Further, a skid resistant raised pattern of suitable shape provided on the top face of H-section steel beams 52 prevents any undesirable slippage and gives high safety to pedestrians who walk over it. Furthermore, the whole structure contains a large volume of space between the top and bottom flanges 53, so that it is a very light structure of very large load carrying capacity which is easily transported, handled, mantled and dismantled and especially may be easily secured on supporting girders.

With reference t0 FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 0f the drawings there is illustrated a tie bolt presented by this invention,

W-here 111 is a bolt head with an either elliptical, drum shaped or polygonal section and 112 is a bolt stem provided with a male thread and is machined to an either elliptical, drum-shaped or quasi-polygonal section at its outer end 113. In addition, nuts 114 and 11S are screwed on the bolt stern 113. The second nut 115 at the bottom should be locked with a pin 116 running through a hole provided on the nut 115 and the bottom end of the bolt body 113 in a manner that the hole runs parallel to the long axis of the elliptical se-ction.

The tie bolt presented by this invention permits the drive of the upper nut 114 without any chance of run off from the threaded bolt body 112, because it is stopped by the bolt head 111. This feature is particularly suitable for an application such as a construction of steel cover deck over an under-pass construction, because the bolt can be operated from the upper side of the deck for mantling on supporting members or dismantling from them, without any chance of their being dropped off.

With reference to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 of the drawings, there is illustrated a securing method presented by this invention, where a flat-box-shaped steel cover deck is `formed by welding H-section steel beams 81 together at their flanges 82 and securing holes 83 and 84 are provided on flanges 82. Tie bolts 86 with metal fasteners 85 are inserted in these holes and the H-section steel beams 81 are secured on the supporting girders 87.

In addition, a suitable skid resistant raised pattern 88 is provided on the upper surfaces of H-section steel beams 81. Tying metal strips 89, rubber linings 810 for electrical insulation and mechanical shock absorption, and round steel bars 811 to stop lateral displacement are also provided on the bottoms of H-section steel beams 81. Reinforcing members of steel angles 812 are provided on the H-section steel beams 81 at four corners and one or more points at the outside of the built-up steel cover deck. Further, a rubber lining 810 can be inserted for electrical insulation and mechanical shock absorption when required.

This invention, as described above, presents a steel cover deck which is built-up with several H-section steel beams 81 fully or partly welded together at their flange edges 82 to form a solid llat-box-shaped steel cover deck of composite girder structure having high load carrying capacity, and said cover decks are arranged on supporting members 87 and secured to them by tie bolts 86 which are inserted through metal fasteners 85 and lower securing hole 83 provided on lower flanges of H-section steel beams 81, and said tie bolts 86 are arranged to be operated by suitable screw driving tools from the upper side of the deck through upper securing holes 84 provided on upper flanges of H-section steel beams 81. Consequently, this steel cover deck and the securing method presented by this invention is very advantageous with features of easy to handle, to employ, and to be secured rigidly.

With reference to FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 of the drawings, there is illustrated a screw driving tool presented by this invention, where a female clutch 141 of suitably shaped section to drive nuts is provided at the bottom end of a driving tube 142 which contains a driving spindle 143 having a clutch 144 at the bottom end and a grip 146 at the top end thereof, and another driving handle 145 is provided at the top of the driving tube 142.

The screw driving tool presented by this invention permits the drive of a nut which is screwed on a bolt by the female clutch 141 provided on the driving tube with aid of handles 145 while the bolt is kept free from turning and held stationary at its position by clutch 144 and driving spindle 143 with aid of grip 146.

With respect to this point, it will be noted that this invention provides a useful tool which performs easily to drive a nut and to hold a bolt at the same time from the same operating side without any aid of other tools, and that this tool can be employed to in applications other than steel cover `decks wherever suitable bolts and nuts are in existence.

What we claim is:

A steel cover deck construction comprising, in combination, a plurality of substantially identical H-beams arranged in juxtaposed contiguous relation so that the outer surfaces of their upper flanges form a substantially continuous uniplanar surface, and with the side edges of the flanges of adjacent H-beams welded together; the outer surfaces of said upper flanges having anti-skid formations and, except for said anti-skid formations, being uniplanar, the outer surfaces of the lower flanges being uniplanar; tie members extending, in laterally spaced relation with each other, below and transversely of said H-bearns in contact with the lower flanges of the latter, and secured to the lower flanges of at least certain of said H-beams; said tie members joining said H-beams to form a substantially rectangular panel; a plurality of main support beams extending, in laterally spaced relation with each other, below and transversely of said H-beams and having top flanges in supporting relation with said H-beams; cushion pads interposed between the top flanges of said main support beams and the lower flanges of said H-beams; said panel being formed with aperture means therethrough adjacent each of its four corners; lfastening means adjacent each of said four corners and hooked over the under surfaces of upper flanges of said main support beams; said yfastening means including clips hooked over the upper flanges of said main support beams and nut and bolt means securing said clips to the lower flanges of at least certain of said H-beams at said four corners; said aperture means including relatively small diameter apertures through the lower flanges of said H-beams and receiving the stems of the bolts of said nut and bolt means extending upwardy therethrough and engaged in the polygonal nuts of said nut and bolt means, said nuts being seated 0n the upper surfaces of said lower flanges of said H-beams; said aperture means further including larger apertures through the upper flanges of said H- beams each aligned with a respective one of said relatively small apertures and the associated lower flanges; the ends of said bolts engaged through said nuts having a reduced quasi-polygonal cross section including a pair of opposite planar side faces; said larger apertures being adapted to admit a tool to engage and hold said polygonal nuts against turning and permit engagement of said quasipolygonal bolt cross section by a second tool for tightening and loosening of said nut and bolt means.

References Cited bythe Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 83,196 10/1868 Montgomery 52-692 1,578,656 5/1926 Gordon 189-35 1,660,421 2/1928 Knight 94-18 X 1,669,187 5/1928 Campbell 189-35 1,739,102 12/1929 Strauss 94-18 X 1,929,478 10/1933 Bunker 14-73 X 1,967,620 7/1934 Kahn 94-5 2,478,993 8/ 1949 Wing 8 49 2,742,121 4/1956 Liskey 14-73 X 2,878,904 3/1959 Fanner 52-579 X 3,185,269 5/1965 Nagin 52-459 JACOB L. NACKENOFF, Primary Examiner.

CHARLES E. OCONNELL, Examiner. 

1. A STEEL COVER DECK CONSTRUCTION COMPRISING, IN COMBINATION, A PLURALITY OF SUBSTANTIALLY IDENTICAL H-BEAMS ARRANGED IN JUXTAPOSED CONTIGUOUS RELATION SO THAT THE OUTER SURFACES OF THEIR UPPER FLANGES FORM A SUBSTANTIALLY CONTINUOUS UNIPLANAR SURFACE, AND WITH THE SIDE EDGES OF THE FLANGES OF ADJACENT H-BEAMS WELDED TOGETHER; THE OUTER SURFACES OF SAID UPPER FLANGES HAVING ANTI-SKID FORMATIONS AND, EXCEPT FOR SAID ANTI-SKID FORMATIONS, BEING UNIPLANAR, THE OUTER SURFACES OF THE LOWER FLANGES BEING UNIPLANAR; TIE MEMBERS EXTENDING, IN LATERALLY SPACED RELATION WITH EACH OTHER, BELOW AND TRANSVERSELY OF SAID H-BEAMS IN CONTACT WITH THE LOWER FLANGES OF THE LATTER, AND SECURED TO THE LOWER FLANGES OF AT LEAST CERTAIN OF SAID H-BEAMS; SAID TIE MEMBERS JOINING SAID H-BEAMS TO FORM A SUBSTANTIALLY RECTANGULAR PANEL; A PLURALITY OF MAIN SUPPORT BEAMS EXTENDING, IN LATERALLY SPACED RELATION WITH EACH OTHER, BELOW AND TRANSVERSELY OF SAID H-BEAMS AND HAVING TOP FLANGES IN SUPPORTING RELATION WITH SAID H-BEAMS; CUSHION PADS INTERPOSED BETWEEN THE TOP FLANGES OF SAID MAIN SUPPORT BEAMS AND THE LOWER FLANGES OF SAID H-BEAMS; SAID PANEL BEING FORMED WITH APERTURE MEANS THERETHROUGH ADJACENT EACH OF ITS FOUR CORNERS; FASTENING MEANS ADJACENT EACH OF SAID FOUR CORNERS AND HOOKED OVER THE UNDER SURFACES OF UPPER FLANGES OF SAID MAIN SUPPORT BEAMS; SAID FASTENING MEANS INCLUDING CLIPS HOOKED OVER THE UPPER FLANGES OF SAID MAIN SUPPORT BEAMS AND NUT AND BOLT MEANS SECURING SAID CLIPS TO THE LOWER FLANGES OF AT LEAST CERTAIN OF SAID H-BEAMS AT SAID FOUR CORNERS; SAID APERTURE MEANS INCLUDING RELATIVELY SMALL DIAMETER APERTURES THROUGH THE LOWER FLANGES OF SAID H-BEAMS AND RECEIVING THE STEMS OF THE BOLTS OF SAID NUT AND BOLT MEANS EXTENDING UPWARDLY THEREALONG AND ENGAGED IN THE POLYGONAL NUTS OF SAID NUT AND BOLT MEANS, SAID NUTS BEING SEATED ON THE UPPER SURFACES OF SAID LOWER FLANGES OF SAID H-BEAMS; SAID APERTURE MEANS FURTHER INCLUDING LARGER APERTURES THROUGH THE UPPER FLANGES OF SAID HBEAMS EACH ALIGNED WITH A RESPECTIVE ONE OF SAID RELATIVELY SMALL APERTURES AND THE ASSOCIATED LOWER FLANGES; THE ENDS OF SAID BOLTS ENGAGED THROUGH SAID NUTS HAVING A REDUCED QUASI-POLYGONAL CROSS SECTION INCLUDING A PAIR OF OPPOSITE PLANAR SIDE FACES; SAID LARGER APERTURES BEING ADAPTED TO ADMIT A TOOL TO ENGAGE AND HOLD SAID POLYGONAL NUTS AGAINST TURNING AND PERMIT ENGAGEMENT OF SAID QUASIPOLYGONAL BOLT CROSS SECTION BY A SECOND TOOL FOR TIGHTENING AND LOOSENING OF SAID NUT AND BOLT MEANS. 